《Aerodynamics of a lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect》

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《Aerodynamics of a lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect》
提升系统在极地面效应中的空气动力学
作者：Professor Kirill V. Rozhdestvensky
Staint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University
出版社：Springer
出版时间：2000年

《Aerodynamics of a lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect》

《Aerodynamics of a lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect》

《Aerodynamics of a lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect》

《Aerodynamics of a lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect》

目录
1. Introduction.............................................. 1
1.1 Some Definitions .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 ABrief Reference on Wing-in-Ground-Effect Craft. . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Asymptotic and Numerical Methods
in the Aerodynamics of the Wings-in-Ground Effect ........ 4
1.3.1 On the Mathematical Modelling of the Aerodynamics
of a Lifting System in the Ground Effect ............ 4
1.3.2 Asymptotics for Ground-Effect Lifting Flow Problems. 7
1.3.3 Numerics: Euler Codes for Steady Flows ............ 17
1.3.4 Numerics: Euler Codes for Unsteady Flows .. . . . . . . .. 19
1.3.5 Numerics: Viscous Flows, Navier-Stokes Solvers ..... , 20
2. Problem Formulation for the Flow Past a Lifting Surface
in Proximity to aSolid Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
2.1 Formulation of the Three-Dimensional
Unsteady Flow Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
2.2 Flow Below the Lifting System and Its Wake (Channel Flow) 25
2.3 Flow Above the Lifting System and Its Wake. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28
2.4 Flows in the Vicinity of Edges ........................... 29
2.5 Matching of Flow Descriptions in Different Regions . . . . . . . .. 36
2.6 A Uniformly Valid Flow Description
and Aerodynamic Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43
2.7 A Limiting Mathematical Model
of the Extreme Ground Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45
3. The Linear Theory of a Lifting System
Moving Close to the Ground ............................. 47
3.1 Features of a Linearized Formulation and an Algorithm
of the Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47
3.2 Two-Dimensional Steady Flow Past a Slightly Curved Foil. .. 51
3.3 A Wing of Small Aspect Ratio in a Steady Linearized Flow .. 58
3.4 Steady Flow Past a Wing of Arbitrary Aspect Ratio . . . . . . .. 63
VIII Contents
3.5 Harmonie Oscillations of a Thin Fon
in a Two-Dimensional Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73
3.6 Three-Dimensional Unsteady Linearized Lifting Flows. . . . . .. 79
4. Nonlinear Flow Problems for a Lifting System
in the Extreme Ground Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85
4.1 A Curved Thiek Fon in a Two-Dimensional Ground Effect . .. 85
4.2 A One-Dimensional Flow Model for a Flying Wing
with Endplates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95
4.3 Steady-State Solutions for Flow Past a Wing with Endplates. 101
4.4 Unsteady Flow Solutions for a Wing with Endplates ........ 112
4.4.1 A Nonlinear Unsteady Solution for Small Gaps
Under Endplates ................................. 112
4.4.2 Unsteady Perturbation of a Steady Flow ............ 114
5. Compressible Flow Past a Wing
in the Extreme Ground Effect ............................ 121
5.1 Channel Flow in a Compressible Fluid .................... 121
5.2 Steady Linearized Compressible Flow Past a Wing
of Finite Span. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124
5.3 Compressible Linearized Unsteady Flow Past a Wing
of Finite Span .......................................... 127
5.4 Nonlinear Steady Compressible Flow Problem for a Fon ..... 133
6. The Influence of Endplates, Flaps, and Slots .............. 137
6.1 An Estimate of the Infiuence of Endplates ................. 137
6.2 A Lifting System with a Jet Flap
in the Extreme Ground Effect ............................ 146
6.3 Nonlinear Steady Flow Problem for a Fon with a Jet Flap ... 155
6.4 Steady Flow Past a Jet-Flapped Wing of Finite Span ....... 158
6.5 A Wing with a Rotating Flap ............................ 166
6.6 Slotted Wings in the Ground Effect ....................... 171
7. The Aerodynamics of a Lifting System
Near Curved Ground ..................................... 183
7.1 The Infiuence of Waves on the Aerodynamics
of a Lifting Surface ..................................... 183
7.2 An Estimate of the Acceleration of a Lifting Surface
in Flight over a Wavy Wall .............................. 200
7.3 The Aerodynamie Response of a Lifting System
to Aperiodic Perturbations .............................. 205
Appendix: The Motion of a Wing Over a Wavy Wall
at an Arbitrary Course Angle: Derivation
of the Unsteady Lift and the Moment Coefficients .......... 214
Contents IX
8. Schematized Flow Models
for a Power-Augmented Lifting System ................... 221
8.1 Local Flow Problems for Analysis of PAR Mode ............ 223
8.1.1 Reentrant Jet Flow Near the Leading Edge .......... 224
8.1.2 Reentrant Jet Flow Near the Leading Edge
with a Defiected Tip .............................. 227
8.1.3 Local Separated Flow Past a Flap (Endplate) ........ 229
8.2 Unseparated Flows Near Leading and Trailing Edges ........ 231
8.2.1 Unseparated Coanda Flow Past a Leading Edge ...... 231
8.2.2 Coanda Flow of Finite Width
Past a Defiected Leading Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
8.2.3 The Model of Flow Past a Leading Edge
with a Winglet ................................... 237
8.2.4 Unseparated Flow Near a Trailing Edge with a Flap .. 239
8.2.5 Flow of Infinite Width Past a Trailing Edge
with a Flap ...................................... 241
8.3 Envelopes of the Efficiency of Power Augmentation
for a Scheme with a Reentrant Jet ........................ 244
8.3.1 Estimate of the Efficiency and the Thrust Recovery
of PAR Based on a Reentrant Jet Scheme ........... 245
8.3.2 Margins of Efficiency of PAR Based
on a Reentrant Jet Scheme ........................ 250
8.4 A Discussion of a Mathematical Model of PAR
with the Coanda Effect .................................. 257
9. The Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Wing
in the Extreme Ground Effect ............................ 263
9.1 Optimal Wing-in-Ground Effect .......................... 263
9.2 The Lift-to-Drag Ratio of a Wing in the Ground Effect ...... 269
10. Integral Formulations for Lifting Surfaces
in the Extreme Ground Effect ............................ 281
10.1 A Slightly Curved Foil in a Two-Dimensional Ground Effect . 281
10.2 A Foil with a Jet Flap in Proximity to the Ground ......... 283
10.3 A Wing of Small Aspect Ratio ........................... 284
10.4 Lifting Line(s) in Close Proximity to the Ground ........... 285
10.4.1 A Single Lifting Line in the Extreme Ground Effect ... 285
10.4.2 A Comment on "Span-Dominated"
and "Chord-Dominated"Extreme Ground Effects ..... 288
10.4.3 A Tandem of Lifting Lines
in the Extreme Ground Effect ...................... 289
10.5 Quadruplication of the Integral Equation for a Wing
of Finite Span. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
X Contents
11. Equations and the Stability of Motion
of a Lifting System in the Extreme Ground Effect ........ 295
11.1 Linear Equations of Longitudinal Dynamies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
11.1.1 The Quartie Characteristic Equation ................ 297
11.1.2 The Quintie Charaeteristic Equation ................ 299
11.2 The Equations of Motion in the Extreme Ground Effeet ..... 300
11.2.1 Order Estimates and Assumptions .................. 300
11.2.2 Asymptotic Form of the Equations of Motion
for h -+ o ........................................ 301
11.3 Statie Stability and "Binding" Near the Ground ............ 302
11.3.1 A Single Wing in the Extreme Ground Effeet ........ 306
11.3.2 A Tandem in the Two-Dimensional
Extreme Ground Effeet ........................... 311
11.3.3 The Degree of Binding of the Vehicle to the Ground .. 315
Appendix: Formulas for the Coefficients Bi(i = 1 ... 5) .......... 318
12. Simple Mathematical Models of Elastic
and Flexible Wings in the Extreme Ground Effect ., ...... 319
12.1 Evaluation of the Speed of Flutter of a Foil
Close to the Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
12.2 An Aeroelastie Wing in the Extreme Ground Effeet ......... 323
12.3 A Flexible Wing - a Simple Theory of a PARAWIG ........ 328
Bibliography .................................................. 337
Index ......................................................... 349

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Ken

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kudzu

谢谢

璀璨星空

谢谢。

jjj

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o0o

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locksheedtiger

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御锋

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xuewuhen999

谢谢

GOOWOO

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