《Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials and Application...

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《Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials and Applications》
中温固体氧化物燃料电池：材料及应用
作者：Zongping Shao，Moses O. Tadé
出版社：Springer
出版时间：2016年

《Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials and Applications》

《Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials and Applications》

《Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials and Applications》

《Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials and Applications》

目录
1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1
1.1 A Brief Introduction ........................................................................... 1
1.2 Fundamentals of SOFCs .................................................................... 5
1.3 Contents of This Book ....................................................................... 8
References ................................................................................................... 8
2 Electrolyte Materials for IT-SOFCs ........................................................ 15
2.1 A Brief Introduction ........................................................................... 15
2.2 Thin-Film Electrolyte ........................................................................ 16
2.3 Electrolyte Materials .......................................................................... 20
2.3.1 Oxygen Ion Conducting Electrolytes ..................................... 20
2.3.2 Proton-Conducting Electrolytes ............................................. 34
2.4 Dual-Phase Composite Electrolytes .................................................. 41
2.5 New Proton-Conducting Electrolytes ................................................ 43
References ................................................................................................... 45
3 Cathodes for IT-SOFCs ............................................................................ 59
3.1 Basic Requirements of a Cathode ...................................................... 59
3.2 Cathodes for Oxygen Ion-Conducting SOFCs .................................. 60
3.2.1 Noble-Metal-Based Cathodes ................................................ 60
3.2.2 Perovskite-Based Cathodes ................................................... 61
3.2.3 Layered Perovskite-Based Cathodes ..................................... 75
3.2.4 Spinel Oxides ......................................................................... 84
3.2.5 Doped Ceria ........................................................................... 85
3.3 Cathodes for Proton-Conducting SOFCs ........................................... 87
3.3.1 Perovskite-Based Cathodes ................................................... 87
3.3.2 Layered Oxides ...................................................................... 89
3.4 Morphology Control .......................................................................... 91
3.4.1 Mesoporous Electrodes .......................................................... 92
3.4.2 Electrodes Prepared from Impregnation/Infi ltration .............. 94
3.4.3 Other Nanostructured Electrodes ........................................... 109
References ................................................................................................... 113
viii
4 Anodes for IT-SOFCs ............................................................................... 127
4.1 A Brief Introduction ........................................................................... 127
4.2 Nickel-Based Cermet Anodes ............................................................ 128
4.2.1 Modifi cation of Ni-Based Cermet Anodes ............................ 130
4.2.2 Fuel Additives ........................................................................ 144
4.3 Oxide Anodes ..................................................................................... 145
4.3.1 Fluorite-Type Ceria-Based Oxides ........................................ 146
4.3.2 Perovskite Oxides .................................................................. 148
4.4 Other Alternative Anodes .................................................................. 164
References ................................................................................................... 166
5 Interconnect Materials for IT-SOFCs ..................................................... 177
5.1 Defi nition, Functions, and Requirements .......................................... 177
5.2 Perovskite-Based Oxide Interconnects .............................................. 178
5.2.1 LaCrO 3 -Based Interconnects ................................................. 178
5.2.2 YCrO 3 -Based Interconnects ................................................... 180
5.2.3 Other Perovskite Interconnects .............................................. 182
5.3 Metal Interconnects ........................................................................... 184
5.3.1 Chromium-Based Alloys ....................................................... 185
5.3.2 Fe–Cr-Based Alloys ............................................................... 185
5.3.3 Ni–Cr-Based Alloys ............................................................... 188
5.4 Coated Interconnects ......................................................................... 189
5.4.1 Spinel Coating ....................................................................... 189
5.4.2 Perovskite Coating ................................................................. 192
References ................................................................................................... 194
6 Sealants for IT-SOFCs .............................................................................. 199
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 199
6.2 Rigid Seals ......................................................................................... 201
6.2.1 Glass and Glass-Based Sealants ............................................ 201
6.2.2 Brazes .................................................................................... 205
6.3 Compressive Sealants ........................................................................ 206
6.3.1 Metal-Based Sealants ............................................................. 207
6.3.2 Mica and Mica-Based Sealants .............................................. 207
6.3.3 Al 2 O 3 -Based Sealants ............................................................. 210
6.4 Bonded Compliant Seals .................................................................... 210
References ................................................................................................... 211
7 Selected New Aspects of SOFCs ............................................................... 215
7.1 Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ................................................. 215
7.1.1 LnCrO 3 -Based Electrodes (Ln = La, Pr) ................................. 217
7.1.2 Lanthanum Manganite-Based Electrodes .............................. 220
7.1.3 Lanthanum Ferrite-Based Electrodes .................................... 221
7.1.4 Lanthanum Strontium Titanate-Based Electrodes ................. 222
7.1.5 Strontium Ferrite-Based and Strontium
Cobalt Oxide- Based Electrodes ............................................. 223
Contents
ix
7.1.6 Precious Metal-Based Electrodes .......................................... 225
7.1.7 Quasi-Symmetrical SOFCs with a Reducible Electrode ....... 226
7.2 Single-Chamber SOFCs ..................................................................... 229
7.3 Direct-Flame SOFCs ......................................................................... 234
7.4 Chemical-Electricity Co-Generation Using
an IT-SOFC Electrochemical Reactor ............................................... 236
References ................................................................................................... 239
8 Application of SOFC Technology ............................................................ 247
8.1 A Brief Introduction ........................................................................... 247
8.2 SOFC Applications as Stationary Power Sources ............................. 249
8.2.1 SOFC Technology as Stationary Power
Sources in the United States .................................................. 250
8.2.2 SOFC Technology as Stationary
Power Sources in Japan ......................................................... 251
8.2.3 SOFC Technology as Stationary
Power Sources in Other Countries ......................................... 255
8.3 SOFC Application as Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)
in Transportation ................................................................................ 257
8.3.1 SOFC-Based APU Application in Commercial
Transportation ........................................................................ 257
8.3.2 SOFC-Based APUs in Military Transportation ..................... 259
8.4 Development of Portable SOFC Systems .......................................... 261
8.5 Future Prospects for SOFC Systems .................................................. 263
References ................................................................................................... 263



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