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《Aerodynamic Measurements: From Physical Principles to Turnkey Instrumentation》
空气动力学测量：从物理原理到交钥匙仪表
作者：Giuseppe P. Russo
出版社：WP
出版时间：2011年
《Aerodynamic Measurements: From Physical Principles to Turnkey Instrumentation》
《Aerodynamic Measurements: From Physical Principles to Turnkey Instrumentation》
《Aerodynamic Measurements: From Physical Principles to Turnkey Instrumentation》
《Aerodynamic Measurements: From Physical Principles to Turnkey Instrumentation》
《Aerodynamic Measurements: From Physical Principles to Turnkey Instrumentation》
目录
List of figures x
List of tables xviii
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxi
About the author xxiii
1 Pressure sensors 1
1.1 Fundamental features 1
1.2 Hydrostatic manometers 3
1.3 Mechanical manometers 13
1.4 Pressure transducers 14
1.5 Pressure-sensitive paints 23
References 24
2 Velocity and mass flow by pressure measurements 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Measurement of flow speed by pressures 26
2.3 Pitot tube 30
2.4 Prandtl tube 38
2.5 Pitot-static tube 43
2.6 Flow direction measurements 44
2.7 Mass flow measurements 57
References 65
vii
viii
Aerodynamic measurements
3 Hot wire anemometer 67
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 Materials for probes 68
3.3 Probes 69
3.4 Operating principle 72
3.5 Constant current anemometer (CCA) 78
3.6 Constant temperature anemometer (CTA) 82
3.7 Comparison of CCA and CTA 86
3.8 Operating temperature of the wire 87
3.9 Compensation of the stream temperature 87
3.10 The linearizer 89
3.11 Measurements of absolute value and direction of average velocity 90
3.12 Measurements in turbulent flows 95
Reference 98
4 Laser anemometry 99
4.1 Introduction 99
4.2 The gas laser 101
4.3 Laser-Doppler anemometer (LDA) 108
4.4 Laser two focus anemometer (L2F) 127
4.5 Particle image velocimetry (PIV) 134
References 142
5 Temperature measurements 143
5.1 Sensors 143
5.2 Detection of transition 151
5.3 Measurement of stagnation temperature 156
References 160
ix
Contents
6 Flow visualization 161
6.1 Objectives of the visualization 161
6.2 Visualization techniques 164
6.3 Principles of operation of optical methods 176
6.4 Deflection of a light beam in the presence of a
constant gradient of refractive index 178
6.5 Shadowgraph 180
6.6 The Schlieren method 183
6.7 Interferometry 189
6.8 Quantitative analysis of Schlieren images and interferograms 210
References 216
7 Measurements of aerodynamic forces 217
7.1 Types of supports for models in wind tunnels 217
7.2 Calculating the aerodynamic forces from pressure measurements 227
7.3 Measuring the aerodynamic forces with balances 237
References 253
Index 255
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