《VortexWakes of Aircrafts》
《VortexWakes of Aircrafts》飞机涡尾迹
作者：
A.S. Ginevsky
A.I. Zhelannikov
Central Aerohydrodynamics
Institute (TsAGI)
出版社：Springer
出版时间：2009年
目录
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Chapter1.General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.1. Atmospheric turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.2. Aircraft vortex wake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
1.3. Turbulence characteristics of the vortex wake .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.4. Present-day methods for numericalsimulation ofvortex wakes behind
trunk-route aircraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Chapter2.Discrete vortex method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
2.1. Problem statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
2.2. Fundamentals of the discrete vortex method .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.3. Point vortex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
2.4. Vortex segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
2.5. Closed vortex frame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
2.6. Numericalmodelingof free turbulence inseparatedand jet flows in
the framework of the discrete vortex method.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Chapter3.The near vortex wake behind a single aircraft . . . . . . . . .33
3.1. Aircraft geometry representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
3.2. Vorticity panelrepresentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
3.3. Peculiarities of flow simulation around trunk-route aircraft. . . . . . .34
3.4. The characteristics of the near vortex wake behind some aircraft.. .35
Chapter4.Far vortex wake behind a turbojet aircraft . . . . . . . . . . .39
4.1. The algorithm for computation of the far vortex wake behind aircraft39
4.2.Mathematical modelof the far vortex wake.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
4.3. Check for the existence and uniqueness of the solution . . . . . . . . . .42
4.4. Similarity considerations for flow in the far vortex wake .. . . . . . . .47
4.5. A universal procedure for transition to the mathematical modelof the
far vortex wake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
4.6. Consideration of the state of the atmosphere.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
4.7. Verification of the method and predictedresults.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
4.8. The characteristics of the vortex wake behind the Il-76 aircraft.. . . .57
4.9. Thecharacteristicsofthe vortex wake behindthe An-124, B-747 and
A-380 aircraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Chapter5.Vortex wakes behind propeller-driven aircraft . . . . . . . . .71
5.1. Problem statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
5.2. The effect of propellers on the far vortex wake characteristics.. . . .72
5.3. On a rationalnumber ofvortices for modeling a propeller.. . . . . . .76
5.4. Examplesofcomputedfarvortexwakecharacteristicsofpropeller-
driven aircraftin comparison with experimentaldata.. . . . . . . . . .78
5.5. The characteristics of the vortex wake behind the An-26 aircraft.. . .79
5.6. The characteristics of the vortex wake behind the An-12 aircraft.. . .84
5.7. The characteristics of the vortex wake behind the C-130 aircraft .. . .90
Chapter6.Wind flow over rough terrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
6.1. Basic conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
6.2. Problem statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
6.3. A solution technique.Terrain representation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
6.4. Examples ofair flow computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Chapter7.Simulation of the far vortex wake of an aircraft at takeoff
and landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
7.1. Problem statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
7.2. Simulation ofan aircraft’s near vortex wake. Linear theory.. . . . . .108
7.3. An approximate computation ofan aircraft’s far vortex wake.. . . . .115
7.4. Generationofcrossflowbyvortextubes.Turbulentboundarylayer
computation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
7.5. ComputationofthefarvortexwakebehindtheB-727aircraftwith
account for the effect ofthe boundary layer on an aerodrome’s surface.
Comparison between computationalresults and flight test data .. . . .118
7.6. Computation ofthe far vortex wake of Russian–built Tu-204 and Il-96
trunk-route aircraft at landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
7.7. On the visualization ofan aircraft’s far vortex wake near the ground125
7.8. Conclusions and prospects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
.
Chapter8.Aerodynamic loads on aircraft encountering vortex wakes
of other aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
8.1. Problem statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
8.2. A solution technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
8.3. Verification of the method and predictedresults.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
8.4. The aerodynamic loads on aircraft in the far vortex wakes of preceding
aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
8.5. Predictionoftheeffectofwindflowoverroughterrainonthe
aerodynamicloadsexperienced by an aircraft.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
8.6. Numerical prediction ofan aircraft’s dynamics in a vortex wake . . . .144
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
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有趣的現象,航空人學學也不錯! 谢谢请叫我雷锋，太棒了。 谢谢分享。 excellent 谢谢 谢谢 谢谢 谢谢谢 谢谢分享。
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