《Fuel Cells for Building Applications》
《Fuel Cells for Building Applications》用于建筑应用的燃料电池
作者：Michael W. Ellis
出版社：ASHRAE
出版时间：2002年
目录
Preface ............................................................................................... ix
Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................. 1
Fuel Cell Fundamentals ................................................................. 2
Fuel Cell Description.................................................................... 2
Thermodynamics of Fuel Cell Operation ..................................... 4
Polarization Losses ....................................................................... 7
Fuel Cell Performance Measures.................................................. 9
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)................... 13
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC).......................................... 15
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC)...................................... 17
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC).................................................. 22
Summary of Fuel Cell Characteristics....................................... 24
Fuel Cell Development ................................................................ 24
Chapter 2: Fuel Cell Technology Survey............................ 27
Literature Review ......................................................................... 27
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)................... 27
Performance and Operating Conditions ..................................... 28
Materials of Construction and Manufacturing............................ 29
Demonstration and Commercialization Projects ........................ 31
Challenges .................................................................................. 34
Economics .................................................................................. 35
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)............................................ 35
Performance and Operating Conditions ..................................... 36
Materials of Construction and Manufacturing............................ 37
Demonstration and Commercialization Projects ........................ 38
Challenges .................................................................................. 39
Economics .................................................................................. 39
TABLE OF CONTENTS
îá
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)........................................ 39
Performance and Operating Conditions .......................................... 40
Materials of Construction and Manufacturing............................ 41
Demonstration and Commercialization Projects ........................ 42
Challenges .................................................................................. 43
Economics .................................................................................. 44
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells................................................................. 44
Performance and Operating Conditions ..................................... 44
Materials of Construction and Manufacturing............................ 45
Demonstration and Commercialization Projects ........................ 48
Economics .................................................................................. 49
Fuel Cell Technology Forecast ................................................... 50
Chapter 3: Assessment of Fuel Cell Systems .................... 55
Subsystems .................................................................................... 55
Fuel Cell Stacks .......................................................................... 55
Fuel Processing........................................................................... 56
Power Conditioning.................................................................... 61
Air Management......................................................................... 62
Thermal Management................................................................. 63
Water Management..................................................................... 64
Representative Fuel Cell System Designs ................................ 64
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)...................... 64
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) ............................................ 67
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)......................................... 69
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC).................................................... 70
General Fuel Cell System Characteristics................................. 71
Efficiency.................................................................................... 71
Part-Load Characteristics ........................................................... 73
Response Time............................................................................ 74
Emissions.................................................................................... 74
Siting........................................................................................... 75
Life Expectancy.......................................................................... 75
Disposal ...................................................................................... 77
Maintainability and Availability ................................................. 77
Cost............................................................................................. 79
Summary of Fuel Cell Characteristics....................................... 79
îáá
Chapter 4: Fuel Cell
Cogeneration Systems in Buildings ...................................... 83
Fundamentals of Cogeneration Systems in Buildings ............ 83
Cogeneration Strategies .............................................................. 84
Economic Considerations........................................................... 85
Simple Cost of Electricity Analysis ........................................ 86
Hourly System Modeling........................................................ 88
Residential Cogeneration Applications..................................... 90
Commercial Cogeneration Applications................................... 95
Regulatory Issues.......................................................................... 97
Building Cogeneration Demonstration Project Results .......... 99
Building Application Requirements .......................................... 99
Office Buildings ....................................................................... 100
Lodging..................................................................................... 102
Food Sales................................................................................. 103
Health Care ............................................................................... 104
Schools...................................................................................... 105
Mercantile................................................................................. 106
Chapter 5: Conclusions ........................................................... 109
References ..................................................................................... 111
Appendix A: Additional Resources .................................... 121
Fuel Cell System References .................................................... 121
Manufacturers ............................................................................. 122
Appendix B: Glossary .............................................................. 123
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