《Failure analysis and fractography of polymer composites》
《Failure analysis and fractography of polymer composites》聚合物复合材料的失效分析和断层分析
作者：Emile S. Greenhalgh
出版社：WP
出版时间：2009年
目录
Author contact details xi
1 Introduction to failure analysis and fractography of
polymer composites 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Introduction to polymer composites 1
1.3 Failure of composites 9
1.4 Aims and objectives of the book 15
1.5 References 18
2 Methodology and tools for failure analysis of polymer
composites 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Health and safety issues associated with composite
fractography 25
2.3 Procedure for analysis 28
2.4 Initial visual examination 36
2.5 Non-destructive evaluation 40
2.6 Photography of failure surfaces 45
2.7 Dissection 50
2.8 Confi rmation of materials and construction 55
2.9 Overview of microscopy 57
2.10 Stereo microscopy 66
2.11 Compound microscopy (metallographic examination) 70
2.12 Scanning electron microscopy 76
2.13 Other characterisation methods 85
2.14 Crack paths and sequencing 87
2.15 Reporting 101
2.16 References 105
vi Contents
3 Fibre-dominated failures in polymer composites 107
3.1 Introduction 107
3.2 Unidirectional tension 108
3.3 Unidirectional compression 117
3.4 Unidirectional fl exural failures 126
3.5 Intralaminar fracture 128
3.6 In-plane (translaminar) shear failures 137
3.7 Failure in cross-ply laminates 143
3.8 Tension failure in multidirectional laminates 146
3.9 Compression failure in multidirectional laminates 149
3.10 Flexural failure in multidirectional laminates 158
3.11 References 159
4 Delamination-dominated failures in polymer
composites 164
4.1 Introduction 164
4.2 Bulk polymer features and the infl uence of matrix type 165
4.3 Mode I (peel) features 178
4.4 Mode II (shear) features 186
4.5 Mixed-mode I/II features 200
4.6 Delamination at multidirectional ply interfaces 210
4.7 Mode III and mixed-mode II/III 223
4.8 References 227
5 Fatigue failures of polymer composites 238
Co-written with Matthew Hiley, QinetiQ, UK
5.1 Introduction 238
5.2 General factors associated with fatigue failures 239
5.3 Bulk resin fracture morphologies under cyclic loading 241
5.4 Interlaminar failures 243
5.5 Intralaminar failures 266
5.6 Translaminar failures 268
5.7 References 274
6 The infl uence of fi bre architecture in the failure
of polymer composites 279
6.1 Introduction 279
6.2 Short-fi bre composites 280
6.3 Filament wound composites 289
6.4 2D woven composites 296
6.5 Stitched composites 316
6.6 Non-crimp fabric composites 322
Contents vii
6.7 Z-pinned composites 336
6.8 3D composites 345
6.9 References 350
7 Defects and damage and their role in the failure of
polymer composites 356
7.1 Introduction 356
7.2 Fibre defects 357
7.3 Matrix defects 366
7.4 Fibre–matrix defects 374
7.5 Manufacturing defects (laminate scale defects) 377
7.6 In-service degradation 399
7.7 Impact and durability damage 415
7.8 References 433
8 Case studies: failures due to overload and design
defi ciencies 441
8.1 Introduction 441
8.2 Overload failures 443
8.3 Design defi ciencies 462
8.4 References 502
9 Case studies: failures due to material and
manufacturing defects 504
9.1 Introduction 504
9.2 Failures caused by poor bonding 505
9.3 Failures due to embedded defects 529
9.4 References 542
10 Case studies: failures of polymer composites due to
in-service factors 543
10.1 Introduction 543
10.2 Impact-induced failures 544
10.3 Failure due to environmental factors 567
10.4 References 571
Index 573
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